Gravity.

Newton has 3 Laws of Motion.

1. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

2.Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).

3. For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.

Aim: To make a helicopter and look at the force of gravity.

Hypothesis: The size of the wings will effect the speed that the helicopter travels.

Equipment:

1. Stopwatch - use the Google stopwatch on your chromebook
2. Helicopter template / paper
3. Drawing pin

Method:

1. Make the helicopter by cutting out the template.
2. Drop the helicopter from a height. Use the same person.
3. Time each drop and record the time when it hits the floor.
4. Each time it is dropped you will make a change to its form.

• With a paperclip on the bottom.
• Use heavier material ( Cardboard)
• Cut the body in half to give it a short body.
• Cut the wings to give it short wings

1. Time each time you drop it.
2. Record the findings on a chart

Order from top to bottom: Short Body, Short Wings, Cardboard, Paperclip.

 

Findings: The cardboard and short wing  helicopters didn't actually spin, they just fell to the ground. The paperclip helped the helicopter glide straight down. Short body was incredibly effective and really helped the helicopter in its quest to fall down slowly.

Summary: Short Body was incredibly helpful to the helicopter, and the best for a long - gliding paper helicopter.

Forces.

Forces: "strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement."

(Motion.)(Turn.)

(Gravity.)

(Rotation.)

Graduate Profile for end of Year 8.

Paper Plane Science.

4 Forces.

• Thrust,
• Lift,
• Drag,
• Gravity.

Q. What are the forces acting on a paper plane?

There are 4 forces acting on a paper plane.



Thrust pushes the plane forward
Lift pushes the plane up.

Gravity (or Weight) pulls the plane down.
Drag pushes the plane backwards.

Challenge: To find a paper plane that beats the rest of the class.

Aim: I want to find a paper plane design that can fly the furthest and beat the rest of my class.

Plane	Distance
Glider	8.5m
Jet	12m
Cruiser	5m
Round wing	4.8m

The Barefoot Burglar.

At approximately 7:15 a.m., Friday morning, Mrs. King, the science teacher, thought something was fishy as she walked down the hall and noticed that her door was open. She walked into her classroom and immediately discovered that the small aquarium had been broken and her prized gold fish were gasping in the sink. Beside the broken aquarium were the shattered remains of the pink piggy bank that had been on the shelf above the aquarium. A can of blue paint was spilled on the floor. Footprints of a barefooted burglar led to an open window. Bits of a white powdery substance were found next to the broken, empty, piggy bank. The only other item found was a half-eaten large chunk of chocolate candy.

When the police arrived they immediately began to gather forensic evidence.

• Sticky fingerprints were lifted from the aquarium and piggy bank. The painted footprints were measured. The chunk of chocolate candy was collected for examination. It appeared there were teeth imprints.
• The white powdery substance by the piggy bank was carefully placed in a plastic bag and taken to the forensic chemist for identification .

Findings:

Dan the Man has no alibi, a motive, and a pile of clues that aren't in his favor.

Verdict:

Dan the Man.

White Powder Test.

White powder test?

A forensic scientist may discover powder at a crime scene. In order to determine if it is illegal or not the crime lab will identify the substance using chemistry. Take on the role of a forensic chemist to identify unknown substances.

Become a Forensic Chemist by following these procedures and filling in the Powder Analysis Chart with your results. 

Complete the appearance, texture, and smell activities before opening the vinegar and iodine bottles.

Record your findings in the Powder Analysis Chart below.

Aim: To determine how different powders feel, look and react to other substances.

Hypothesis: I expected everything to dissolve to both liquids.

Equipment:

Baking Soda
Cornflour
Sugar
Salt
Iodine
Vinegar
Magnifying glass
Eyedrop
Black card
Tea spoon / stick

Method: 

1. Place one-fourth teaspoon (1 ml) of the four white powders on a sheet of black construction paper. Label the powders with your pen.
2. Study the powders with the magnifying glass. Examine what each powder looks like. How would you describe the powder's shape. Does it have large or small grains? Your observations should be written in the appearance column of the chart.
3. Examine the powders further by rubbing each powder between your fingers. Describe how each powder feels in the Texture column of the chart.
4. Determine if there is a smell to any of the powders. Record your findings in the Smell column of the chart.
5. Take the eyedropper and place a drop of water on each individual powder. Examine what happens? Do the powders dissolve? Is there a reaction? Write your observations in the Reaction to Water column.
6. Place one-half teaspoon (2ml) of each powder in a separate jar. Add 2 drops of iodine to each jar using the eyedropper. Record what happens in the Reaction to Iodine column. Iodine should be handled with care.

Findings:  Only certain liquids dissolve certain powders. I found this interesting.

Powder Analysis Chart

                                                                                                  
Substance          Appearance   Texture    Smell     Water     Vinegar     Iodine

Cornflour = B -         Small          Smooth  No Smell   Dissolves                  Doesn't dissolve

Sugar = D -              Large         Course   No Smell   Dissolves                   Doesn't Dissolve

Salt = C -                  Medium        Fine       No Smell  Dissolves                 Doesn't Dissolve

Baking soda = A -     Medium        Fine      No Smell   Dissolves                Dissolves

Summary: Baking Soda is the most vulnerable to dissolving, and Sugar have the largest powders of all four.

Drawing Graphs in Science

Drawing Graphs in Science

1. Always use a sharp pencil
2. Use a ruler if drawing a line graph.
3. Choose scales so that the graph takes up at least 80% of the paper.
4. Label both axis with a description of what you are measuring.
5. Give your graph a title. 
6. Never rule back to zero.

1. Outline 2 features of a good graph?

-Straight Lines, Labelled Axis'.

2. Suggest why graphs should be drawn in pencil?

-Any Mistakes can be Erased, and Pencil can't be seen through felt / pen.

3. What needs to be given a title on a graph?

-The Axis', and the Graph itself. How else do we know what to do?

Using the graph paper provided graph the class results of your phone / Chromebook model.

Aim: To record, tabulate and graph data.

Hypothesis: I think that the most popular model is an iPhone 5S / Acer Chromebook

Method: 

1. Note the make of your phone / Chromebook.

2. Record your results on the whiteboard by ticking the appropriate box.

3. Record the class results in the table below.

4. Use the graph paper provided

• Draw a chart
• Graph the results 

The Feet can Measure the Height.

The bones of the feet can tell a lot about a person. What do feet reveal about a person's height? Forensic anthropologists team up with law enforcers to help solve crimes.

Bones of the feet can reveal an interesting fact about an individual. Let's combine math with forensics to see how.

• Aim: Based on someones feet size we can measure their height.
• Hypothesis: A rough estimate of our height.
• Method: 

1. Have the students in your group remove their shoes and measure their height.
2. Measure the length of the adult's left foot from the wall to the tip of the big toe.
3. Examine the numbers. Do you see a pattern?
4. Divide the length of each person's left foot by his/her height. Multiply the quotient by 100. What do you get? You may also want to use the calculator on a computer for this activity

• Equipment:

1. One Metre Ruler
2. 30cm Ruler.
3. Calculator.

• Results: I found out my foot size, (22cm) was 15% of my heght, 146.
• Summary: The Police investigators and forensic scientists use 15% of a person's foot length because it is equal to their height.
• Conclusion: By knowing what a person's foot size is we can determine their approximate height.

Forgery

Forgery

Forgery is the copying of another persons writing or signature.

Criminals use it to sign cheques falsely.

Aim: To figure out which pen is used to write a forgery letter.

Hypothesis: We will know which pen was used to write the Forgery letter.

Equipment:

1. Beaker
2. Filter Paper
3. Pen
4. Sellotape
5. Water 

Method: 

1. Measure paper
2. Draw Horizontal Line at 2cm mark.
3. Put water into Beaker.
4. Make sure water is below 2cm mark.
5. Leave for ~5 mins.
6. Water needs to go up tissue, do not let paper fall into water.
7. Attach a cut piece of the letter onto another piece of filter paper.
8. Leave second filter paper in 50 ml water
9. Compare ink marks.